This study aimed to investigate the effects of training methods, owner behavior, and level of engagement in activities on the behavior of smaller and larger dogs. The study surveyed 1,276 dog owners in Switzerland and found that the use of aversive training methods, such as physical punishment and shouting, was associated with more behavior problems in both smaller and larger dogs. The study also found that inconsistency in owner behavior, such as inconsistency in rules and routines, was associated with more behavior problems in smaller dogs but not in larger dogs. The study further found that a higher level of engagement in activities with the dog, such as playing and training, was associated with fewer behavior problems in both smaller and larger dogs. The findings of this study suggest that positive reinforcement training methods and consistent owner behavior can help prevent behavior problems in dogs, and that regular engagement in activities with the dog can promote good behavior and strengthen the human-animal bond.
Behaviour of Smaller and Larger Dogs: Effects of Training Methods, Inconsistency of Owner Behaviour and Level of Engagement in Activities with the Dog
Arhant, C., Bubna-Littitz, H., Bartels, A., Futschik, A., & Troxler, J. (2010). Behaviour of smaller and larger dogs: Effects of training methods, inconsistency of owner behaviour and level of engagement in activities with the dog. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 123(3-4), 131-142.